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First page of HBR article Don't Underestimate the Power of Customer Referrals
"Don't Underestimate the Power of Customer Referrals"
Harvard Business Review
September–October 2026

The profit economics of promoters

New research co-authored by Fred Reichheld, creator of the Net Promoter System, and built on NPS Prism data reveals that referrers drive more than 70% of new-customer profit.

Most CX budgets go toward preventing complaints. Very little goes toward the experiences that make customers talk about you.

New research in Harvard Business Review, co-authored by Fred Reichheld and based in part on NPS Prism data, examines what customer recommendations are actually worth.

Promoters who go on to recommend a company make up roughly 15% of a typical base, and their referrals account for 72% of new-customer profit over three years.

That recommendation, and the profit it generates, is earned somewhere specific: in a claim, a call, an onboarding, a cancellation. The companies that can find those moments and fund them grow more efficiently than the ones that can't.

Download the article to learn:

  • Where the efficiency gap between NPS leaders and laggards actually shows up on the income statement
  • How little of referral volume incentive programs account for, and what earns the rest
  • The operational threshold one company found behind its promoter scores, and what happened when managers were measured on it

Read the article

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